Loop variants in Xojo

Recently a beginner asked about the differences between the loops and which too choose. Let's compare the loops by using them to count up from a start to an end value.

The first loop is the FOR loop. It counts a variable up from a start value to the end value. If the start value is bigger than the end value, the loop is skipped entirely. Let us show you the sample code:

Sub testFor(First as Integer, Last as Integer) For i As Integer = First To Last Log "For "+i.ToString Next End Sub

You are not limited to double, but you can use any data type you like, e.g. a double. Here we step by 0.3 instead of the default 1, so we count up from 1.0 to 2.8. After 2.8 comes 3.1 which is too big, so the loop exists.

Sub testForDouble(First as Integer, Last as Integer) For i As Double = First To Last Step 0.3 Log "For "+i.ToString Next End Sub

You can even define your own class for a numeric data type (or use one of our plugin classes) to do the count. Your class needs to implement Operator_Add for the step and Operator_Compare to the < comparison. The Operator_Convert is needed for an initial assignment. Here is a class wrapping an integer:

Class MyNumber

Sub Constructor(v as integer) Val = v End Sub

Function Operator_Add(value as Integer) As MyNumber // to do the +1 in the for loop Return New MyNumber(Val + value) End Function

Function Operator_Compare(other as MyNumber) As integer If Me.Val < other.Val Then Return -1 ElseIf Me.Val > other.Val Then Return 1 Else Return 0 End If End Function

Sub Operator_Convert(value as integer) // for assignment of first value Val = value End Sub

Function ToString() As string return val.ToString End Function

Property val As Integer

End Class

And then the loop looks just like before, but now uses MyType as numeric variable:

Sub testForMyType(First as Integer, Last as Integer) For i As MyNumber = First To Last Log "For MyType "+i.ToString Next End Sub

You can do the FOR loop with WHILE. The things translate part by part. The For i As Integer = First becomes Var i As Integer = First. The To Last becomes While i <= Last and the step part becomes the i = i + 1. Yes, please never forgot to change the variable used for the loop, because otherwise you have an endless loop. Here is the test function to do the same as above FOR loop as a WHILE loop:

Sub testWhile(First as Integer, Last as Integer) Var i As Integer = First While i <= Last Log "While "+i.ToString i = i + 1 Wend End Sub

The DO loop does the comparison on the end of the loop. So we have to make the first comparison ourself and only enter the loop if the condition matches. If First is bigger than Last, we skip the loop. So we have an implementation of the FOR loop with DO LOOP:

Sub testDo1(First as Integer, Last as Integer) Var i As Integer = First If First <= last Then Do Log "do1: "+i.ToString i = i + 1 Loop Until i > Last End If End Sub

Alternatively you can have the check on the beginning after the DO keyword. This makes it just like a WHILE loop, but with negated condition:

Sub testDo2(First as Integer, Last as Integer) Var i As Integer = First Do Until i > Last Log "do2: "+i.ToString i = i + 1 Loop End Sub

Without loops we can do the same with recursion. If another loop is needed, we let the function call itself. To make sure the check is done on the first call, we perform the check before we do anything else. Then we can run our statements and call the function to continue the loop:

Sub testRecurse(Value as Integer, Last as Integer) If value <= Last Then Log "Recursion "+value.ToString testRecurse value + 1, last end if End Sub

You learnt something new? Let us know if you have questions for future blog posts.